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Which of the following would appear as the pioneer organisms on bare rocks?
A
Liverworts
B
Mosses
C
Green algae
D
Lichens
Explanation
Lichens colonise bare rock first in xerarch succession.
Detailed Solution
Lichens are symbiotic associations of algae (phycobiont) and fungi (mycobiont). They release acids that dissolve rock particles, causing weathering and soil formation, so lichens are pioneers on bare rock.