Gene a codes for transacetylase, y for permease, i for repressor and z for beta-galactosidase.
The lac operon consists of one regulatory gene (the $i$ gene – here the term $i$ does not refer to inducer, rather it is derived from the word inhibitor) and three structural genes ($z$, $y$ and $a$).
The $i$ gene codes for the repressor of the lac operon.
The $z$ gene codes for beta-galactosidase ($\beta$-gal), which is primarily responsible for the hydrolysis of the disaccharide lactose into its monomeric units, galactose and glucose.
The $y$ gene codes for permease, which increases permeability of the cell to $\beta$-galactosides.
The $a$ gene encodes a transacetylase.
Conceptgenes of the lac operon and their products
Regulation of Gene Expression – The Lac Operon in past papers
2 questions from this chapter have appeared across 2 exam years.