During translation initiation in prokaryotes, a GTP molecule is needed in : -
A
Formation of formyl-met-tRNA
B
Binding of 30S subunit of ribosome with mRNA
C
Association of 30S-mRNA with formyl-met-tRNA
D
Association of 50S subunit of ribosome with initiation complex
The answer is C.
Solution
Initiation of translation in prokaryotes takes place in steps, with the help of initiation factors IF1, IF2 and IF3. First the 30S subunit (with IF3) binds to the mRNA at the Shine–Dalgarno sequence. This step does not need GTP. Next, the initiator tRNA (fMet-tRNA$^{fMet}$) is brought to the start codon AUG on the 30S–mRNA complex by IF2, which is bound to GTP (IF2–GTP–fMet-tRNA). So GTP is needed for the association of fMet-tRNA with the 30S–mRNA complex, forming the 30S initiation complex. Finally the 50S subunit joins; the GTP bound to IF2 is hydrolysed to GDP + $P_i$ at this time, and the initiation factors are released. Formation of formyl-met-tRNA (charging and formylation) uses ATP, not GTP. So, as per the answer key, GTP is needed in the association of the 30S–mRNA complex with formyl-met-tRNA.
ConceptRole of GTP in prokaryotic initiation
Translation in past papers
6 questions from this chapter have appeared across 6 exam years.