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Which of the following reactions is an example of nucleophilic substitution reaction?
A
RX + Mg → RMgX
B
RX + KOH → ROH + KX
C
2RX + 2Na → R–R + 2NaX
D
RX + $H_2$ → RH + HX
Detailed Solution
In a nucleophilic substitution, a nucleophile attacks the carbon bearing the halogen and replaces the halide ion.
RX + KOH → ROH + KX: the nucleophile $OH^-$ replaces $X^-$ on carbon. This is nucleophilic substitution.
RX + Mg → RMgX is the formation of a Grignard reagent (insertion of the metal into the C–X bond).
2RX + 2Na → R–R + 2NaX is the Wurtz reaction (a coupling reaction involving the metal).
RX + $H_2$ → RH + HX is a reduction.
Hence the nucleophilic substitution reaction is RX + KOH → ROH + KX.
RX + KOH → ROH + KX: the nucleophile $OH^-$ replaces $X^-$ on carbon. This is nucleophilic substitution.
RX + Mg → RMgX is the formation of a Grignard reagent (insertion of the metal into the C–X bond).
2RX + 2Na → R–R + 2NaX is the Wurtz reaction (a coupling reaction involving the metal).
RX + $H_2$ → RH + HX is a reduction.
Hence the nucleophilic substitution reaction is RX + KOH → ROH + KX.