Cell Cycle and Cell Division

During prophase I of meiosis (zygotene), homologous chromosomes pair to form bivalents (tetrads). Each bivalent has four chromatids.
In pachytene, crossing over takes place: segments are exchanged between non-sister chromatids of the homologous chromosomes, with the help of the enzyme recombinase. Chiasmata are the visible points of exchange.
Because the non-sister chromatids come from different parents, this exchange creates new combinations of alleles (genetic recombination).
Exchange between sister chromatids would not produce recombination, because they are identical copies.
So crossing over occurs between non-sister chromatids of a bivalent.

In metaphase of mitosis, the chromosomes are maximally condensed (shortest and thickest), and the nuclear envelope has disappeared.
All the chromosomes line up at the equator (metaphase plate), each attached to spindle fibres at its centromere, so they are well separated and clearly visible.
This makes metaphase the best stage to study chromosome morphology and to count the chromosomes (karyotyping is also done at metaphase).
In prophase the chromosomes are still long and tangled; in anaphase they are moving apart; in telophase they decondense.
So the most convenient stage for counting chromosomes is metaphase.

The cell cycle consists of interphase ($G_1$, S and $G_2$ phases) followed by the M phase (mitosis).
DNA replication takes place in the S (synthesis) phase. The DNA content doubles from 2C to 4C, while the chromosome number stays the same; true.
Interphase is long (about 95 percent of the cycle) and the M phase is short (in a 24 hour human cell cycle, mitosis lasts about 1 hour). So the second statement is false.
$G_2$ follows the S phase, not the mitotic phase; $G_1$ follows mitosis. So the third statement is false.
In $G_1$ the DNA content is 2C, the same as in the original cell, not double. So the fourth statement is false.
So in the somatic cell cycle, DNA replication takes place in the S phase.

During M phase, the nuclear envelope breaks down at the end of prophase and is re-formed around each group of chromosomes in telophase.
The contractile ring of actin and myosin filaments (in animal cells) is assembled at the equator of the cell during anaphase, when the position of the future cleavage furrow is decided by the spindle.
In plant cells, the phragmoplast (an array of microtubules where the cell plate will form) also begins to form between the separating chromosome groups in late anaphase.
So formation of the contractile ring and formation of the phragmoplast begin before the nuclear envelope re-forms in telophase.
Decondensation of chromosomes, reassembly of the nuclear lamina (by dephosphorylation of lamins) and resumption of transcription go along with or after the re-formation of the nuclear envelope, as the nucleus returns to interphase.
So formation of the contractile ring and formation of the phragmoplast precede re-formation of the nuclear envelope.