Looking for classes? Ksquare Career Institute, Bengaluru →
Biology
Human Health and Disease
121 questions from 38 papers, each with its answer.
- 121 questions
- 38 papers
- 3.43% of Biology
Common Diseases in Humans
-
Match the disease in Column I with the appropriate items (pathogen/ prevention/ treatment) in Column II.
Pick the matching item from Column II for each row.
Column I
- A. Amoebiasis
- B. Diphtheria
- C. Cholera
- D. Syphilis
Column II
- i. Treponema pallidum
- ii. Use only sterilized food and water
- iii. DPT Vaccine
- iv. Use oral rehydration therapy
Correct answer: A → ii, B → iii, C → iv, D → i
Amoebiasis (amoebic dysentery) is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. It spreads through food and water contaminated with faecal matter carrying the cysts, so it is prevented by using only sterilized food and water. Amoebiasis - Use only sterilized food and water.
Diphtheria is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae and is prevented by the DPT vaccine (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus). Diphtheria - DPT vaccine.
Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae and leads to severe diarrhoea and dehydration; it is treated by oral rehydration therapy (ORS) to replace the lost water and salts. Cholera - Use oral rehydration therapy.
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochaete bacterium Treponema pallidum. Syphilis - Treponema pallidum.
Correct match: A-ii, B-iii, C-iv, D-i.
Drugs and alcohol abuse
-
Which one of the following is the correct statement regarding the particular psychotropic drug specified?Psychotropic drugs are grouped according to their effect on the nervous system.
Hallucinogens such as LSD, mescaline and the products of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa (hashish, charas, ganja, marijuana) alter thoughts, feelings and perceptions and cause hallucinations. So the statement about hashish is correct.
Morphine is an opiate narcotic obtained from the latex of the poppy plant; it is a very effective sedative and painkiller (analgesic) and does not typically lead to delusions and disturbed emotions.
Barbiturates are sedatives and tranquillisers: they depress brain activity and produce feelings of calmness, relaxation and drowsiness (sleep), not euphoria.
Opium and its derivatives are depressants that suppress brain function and relieve pain; they do not stimulate the nervous system.
So the correct statement is that hashish causes altered thought perceptions and hallucinations.
Innate immunity
-
To which type of barriers under innate immunity, do the saliva in the mouth and the tears from the eyes, belong?Innate immunity is the non-specific type of defence that is present at the time of birth. It consists of four types of barriers.
Physical barriers: the skin, and the mucus coating of the epithelium lining the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts.
Physiological barriers: acid in the stomach, saliva in the mouth and tears from the eyes; all of these prevent microbial growth. Saliva and tears contain the enzyme lysozyme, which destroys bacterial cell walls.
Cellular barriers: certain leucocytes such as polymorpho-nuclear leucocytes (neutrophils), monocytes and natural killer cells, as well as macrophages in the tissues, which phagocytose and destroy microbes.
Cytokine barriers: virus-infected cells secrete proteins called interferons, which protect non-infected cells from further viral infection.
So saliva in the mouth and tears from the eyes belong to the physiological barriers.
Immunity and Organ Transplantation
-
Cornea transplant in humans is almost never rejected. This is because:Rejection of a transplanted organ is brought about by the immune system of the recipient: lymphocytes (cell-mediated immunity) and antibodies recognise the graft as foreign and attack it.
These immune cells and antibodies reach a graft through the blood vessels and lymphatics.
The cornea is avascular: it has no blood supply (and no lymphatic vessels). It gets its oxygen directly from the air and its nutrients from the aqueous humour and tears.
Because there is no blood supply, the immune cells of the recipient do not come in contact with the transplanted cornea, so it is not recognised as foreign and is almost never rejected.
The cornea is made of living, nucleated cells, so it is neither a non-living layer nor composed of enucleated cells.
So a cornea transplant is almost never rejected because it has no blood supply.
Biomedical Technologies
-
Consider the following statements about biomedical technologies,
(i) During open heart surgery blood is circulated in the heart-lung machine
(ii) Blockage in coronary arteries is removed by angiography
(iii) Computerised Axial Tomography (CAT) shows detailed internal structure as seen in a section of body.
(iv) X-ray provides clear and detailed images of organs like prostate glands and lungs
Which two of the above statements are correct?(i) is correct: during open heart surgery the heart is stopped, and the blood is pumped and oxygenated outside the body by the heart-lung machine.
(iii) is correct: Computerised Axial Tomography (CAT or CT scan) uses X-rays and a computer to produce three-dimensional, cross-sectional images, showing the detailed internal structure as seen in a section of the body.
(ii) is not correct: angiography is only a diagnostic technique, in which a dye is injected to locate the blockage in the coronary arteries. The blockage is removed by angioplasty or bypassed by surgery.
(iv) is not correct: ordinary X-rays give clear images of dense structures like bones, but not clear and detailed images of soft organs such as the prostate gland; these need CT, MRI or ultrasound.
So the two correct statements are (i) and (iii).
That is every question in Human Health and Disease for this filter.
Want a score?
Answers here are not saved. Practise as a test to be marked and see your progress.
Practise as a test