Human Reproduction

After ovulation the remaining part of the Graafian follicle changes into the corpus luteum, which secretes large amounts of progesterone essential for maintaining the endometrium. This is the luteal or secretory phase. So this matching is correct.
Menstruation is due to the breakdown of the endometrial lining of the uterus and its blood vessels; the myometrium (the muscular layer) does not break down.
At ovulation LH and FSH do attain peak levels, but progesterone is not falling sharply then; it rises afterwards, when the corpus luteum forms.
In the proliferative (follicular) phase it is the endometrium that regenerates, not the myometrium.
Hence the correct matching is development of corpus luteum – secretory phase and increased secretion of progesterone.

Yolk is inert, stored food; it slows down or even prevents the division of the cytoplasm in the region where it is concentrated.
Eggs with little, evenly distributed yolk (as in mammals) divide completely: holoblastic, nearly equal cleavage.
Eggs with a moderate amount of yolk concentrated at one pole (as in frogs) show holoblastic but unequal cleavage.
Eggs with a very large amount of yolk (as in birds and reptiles) show meroblastic cleavage, in which only a small disc of cytoplasm divides.
So the amount and distribution of yolk decide the pattern of cleavage; fertilisation and zygote formation are not affected.
Hence it will affect the pattern of cleavage.

Menstruation occurs only if the released ovum is not fertilised: the corpus luteum then degenerates, progesterone falls and the endometrium breaks down.
If the ovum is fertilised, the developing embryo and placenta produce hCG, which maintains the corpus luteum.
The corpus luteum continues to secrete progesterone, so the endometrial lining is maintained and menstruation stops; lack of menstruation may be indicative of pregnancy.
Thus the retention of the corpus luteum, the maintained endometrium and the high hormone levels are all consequences; their root cause is the fertilisation of the ovum.
Hence the most likely root cause is fertilisation of the ovum.