Reproductive Health

Intra uterine devices are inserted by doctors or trained nurses into the uterus through the vagina.
They are non-medicated (Lippes loop), copper-releasing (CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375) or hormone-releasing (Progestasert, LNG-20).
They increase phagocytosis of sperms in the uterus; Cu ions suppress sperm motility and fertilising capacity, and hormone-releasing IUDs make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to sperms.
NCERT states that IUDs are ideal contraceptives for females who want to delay pregnancy or space children, and that it is one of the most widely accepted methods of contraception in India.
Hence the most widely accepted method is IUDs.

Medical termination of pregnancy (induced abortion) is the intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term.
MTPs are considered relatively safe during the first trimester, i.e., up to 12 weeks of pregnancy.
Second trimester abortions are much more risky.
Hence MTP is considered safe up to twelve weeks of pregnancy.