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Ethyl benzoate can be prepared from benzoic acid by using :
A
Ethyl alcohol
B
Ethyl alcohol and dry HCl
C
Ethyl chloride
D
Sodium ethoxide
Detailed Solution
Carboxylic acids react with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst (dry HCl gas or conc. $H_2SO_4$) to form esters (Fischer esterification):
$C_6H_5COOH + C_2H_5OH \xrightarrow{dry\ HCl} C_6H_5COOC_2H_5 + H_2O$
Without a catalyst the reaction is extremely slow; the acid protonates the carbonyl oxygen and makes the carbonyl carbon more electrophilic.
So ethyl benzoate is prepared from benzoic acid using ethyl alcohol and dry HCl.
$C_6H_5COOH + C_2H_5OH \xrightarrow{dry\ HCl} C_6H_5COOC_2H_5 + H_2O$
Without a catalyst the reaction is extremely slow; the acid protonates the carbonyl oxygen and makes the carbonyl carbon more electrophilic.
So ethyl benzoate is prepared from benzoic acid using ethyl alcohol and dry HCl.