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Amines
Electrophilic Substitution: Activating and Deactivating Groups
1 question, with its answer.
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The correct order of reactivity towards the electrophilic substitution of the compounds aniline (I), benzene (II) and nitrobenzene (III) isThe $-NH_2$ group of aniline donates electrons to the ring by resonance (+R effect), increasing the electron density, especially at ortho and para positions. So aniline is much more reactive than benzene towards electrophiles.
The $-NO_2$ group of nitrobenzene withdraws electrons from the ring by both $-I$ and $-R$ effects, decreasing the electron density. So nitrobenzene is much less reactive than benzene.
Order of reactivity: aniline $\gt$ benzene $\gt$ nitrobenzene.
So I $\gt$ II $\gt$ III.
That is every question in Electrophilic Substitution: Activating and Deactivating Groups.
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