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In steam distillation of toluene, the pressure of toluene in vapour is : -
A
Equal to pressure of barometer
B
Less than pressure of barometer
C
Equal to vapour pressure of toluene in simple distillation
D
More than vapour pressure of toluene in simple distillation
Detailed Solution
In steam distillation, the mixture of the organic liquid (toluene) and water boils when the sum of their vapour pressures equals the atmospheric (barometric) pressure: $p_{toluene} + p_{water} = P_{atm}$.
So the partial pressure of toluene in the vapour is less than the barometric pressure.
This allows toluene to distil at a temperature below its normal boiling point (and below 100 °C), which avoids decomposition.
So the pressure of toluene in the vapour is less than the pressure of the barometer.
So the partial pressure of toluene in the vapour is less than the barometric pressure.
This allows toluene to distil at a temperature below its normal boiling point (and below 100 °C), which avoids decomposition.
So the pressure of toluene in the vapour is less than the pressure of the barometer.