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Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques

Purification of Organic Compounds

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Distillation Methods

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1 Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques Easy

Match List-I with List-II.

Pick the matching item from Column II for each row.
Column I
- A. $\text{CHCl}_3 + \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NH}_2$ Match for A
- B. Crude oil in petroleum industry Match for B
- C. Glycerol from spent-lye Match for C
- D. Aniline-water Match for D
Column II
- I. Distillation under reduced pressure
- II. Steam distillation
- III. Fractional distillation
- IV. Simple distillation
Correct answer: A → IV, B → III, C → I, D → II

Chloroform + aniline: Simple distillation; Crude oil: Fractional distillation; Glycerol from spent-lye: Vacuum distillation; Aniline-water: Steam distillation.

Purification techniques: 1. $\text{CHCl}_3$ (b.p. $61^\circ\text{C}$) and aniline (b.p. $184^\circ\text{C}$) have a large difference in boiling points ($>50^\circ\text{C}$), separated by Simple distillation (IV). 2. Crude oil contains hydrocarbon fractions with close boiling points, separated by Fractional distillation (III). 3. Glycerol decomposes at its normal boiling point ($290^\circ\text{C}$), hence purified by Distillation under reduced pressure / vacuum distillation (I). 4. Aniline is steam volatile and immiscible with water, purified by Steam distillation (II). Hence, A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II.