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Biology
Biotechnology and its Applications
86 questions from 37 papers, each with its answer.
- 86 questions
- 37 papers
- 2.44% of Biology
RNA Interference (RNAi)
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Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Transfer RNAs and ribosomal RNA do not interact with mRNA.
Statement II: RNA interference (RNAi) takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defence.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:Statement I is incorrect (tRNA and rRNA actively interact with mRNA in translation). Statement II is correct.
Statement I is false: During translation, tRNA binds mRNA via anticodon-codon base pairing, and rRNA aligns and binds mRNA. Statement II is true: RNAi is conserved across all eukaryotes as an innate defense against transposons and viral infection.
Genetically Engineered Insulin
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Which of the following genetically engineered organisms was used by Eli Lilly to prepare human insulin?
Eli Lilly used Escherichia coli (a bacterium) to produce chains A and B of human insulin.
In 1983, Eli Lilly synthesized DNA sequences corresponding to chains A and B of human insulin and introduced them into plasmids of the bacterium Escherichia coli to produce Humulin.
Applications in Agriculture - Pest Resistance
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Silencing of specific mRNA is possible via RNAi because of -
RNAi uses complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to silence target mRNA.
RNA interference (RNAi) involves the introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) matching the target sequence, which is processed by Dicer into siRNAs and incorporated into RISC to cleave complementary mRNA, silencing translation.
Genetically Engineered Insulin Administration
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Why can't insulin be given orally to diabetic patients?
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone that gets proteolytically degraded by gastrointestinal enzymes if ingested orally.
Insulin is a 51-amino-acid peptide hormone. When administered orally, gastric pepsin and pancreatic endopeptidases (trypsin, chymotrypsin) digest it into inactive amino acids before systemic absorption.
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