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Biotechnology and its Applications
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Given below are two statements: Statement I: The Indian Government has set up GEAC, which will make decisions regarding the validity of GM research. Statement II: Biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by native people. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:The Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) is set up by the Indian Government to make decisions regarding the validity of GM research and safety of GM organisms for public use, so Statement I is true. Biopiracy refers to the unauthorised use of bio-resources (and traditional knowledge) by other nations/organisations without compensating the native people/country, not the use of bio-resources by native people themselves, so Statement II is false.
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Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Column I
- A. Genetically engineered Human Insulin
- B. GM Cotton
- C. ADA Deficiency
- D. ELISA
Column II
- I. Gene therapy
- II. E. coli
- III. Antigen-antibody interaction
- IV. Bacillus thuringiensis
Correct answer: A → II, B → IV, C → I, D → III
Genetically engineered Human Insulin is produced using E. coli (A-II); GM Cotton (Bt cotton) uses toxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (B-IV); ADA Deficiency is treated using Gene therapy (C-I); ELISA is based on Antigen-antibody interaction (D-III). -
The Bt toxin in genetically engineered Bt cotton kills the pest by:The activated Bt toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells in the insect, creating pores that cause cell swelling and lysis, ultimately killing the insect.
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Following are the steps involved in action of toxin in Bt. Cotton. A. The inactive toxin converted into active form due to alkaline pH of gut of insect. B. Bacillus thuringiensis produce crystals with toxic insecticidal proteins. C. The alkaline pH solubilises the crystals. D. The activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut cells, creates pores and causes death of the insect. E. The toxin proteins exist as inactive protoxins in bacteria. Choose the correct sequence of steps from the options given below:Correct sequence: Bacillus thuringiensis produces crystals with toxic insecticidal proteins (B) → these toxin proteins exist as inactive protoxins in the bacteria (E) → the alkaline pH of the insect gut solubilises the crystals (C) → the inactive toxin is converted into active form due to the alkaline pH (A) → the activated toxin binds to midgut cells, creates pores, and kills the insect (D). So the order is B → E → C → A → D.