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Biotechnology and its Applications
Showing 1–25 of 35 questions
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Match List I with List II:
Column I
- i. Streptokinase
- ii. Statins
- iii. Lipases
- iv. Cyclosporin A
Column II
- a. Immunosuppressive agent
- b. Removal of clots from the blood vessels
- c. Blood cholesterol-lowering agent
- d. Detergent formulations
Correct answer: i → b, ii → c, iii → d, iv → a
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The toxin proteins isolated from $Bacillus\ thuringiensis$, coded by which of the following genes would control cotton bollworms and corn borer, respectively?
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The human protein named $\alpha$-1-antitrypsin, obtained from transgenic animals, is used for the treatment of ______.
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The inactive form of Bt toxin is converted to the active form in the insect gut _______Reference: NCERT Class XII, pages 179 –.
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Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Transfer RNAs and ribosomal RNA do not interact with mRNA.
Statement II: RNA interference (RNAi) takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defence.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:Statement I is incorrect (tRNA and rRNA actively interact with mRNA in translation). Statement II is correct.
Statement I is false: During translation, tRNA binds mRNA via anticodon-codon base pairing, and rRNA aligns and binds mRNA. Statement II is true: RNAi is conserved across all eukaryotes as an innate defense against transposons and viral infection. -
Which of the following genetically engineered organisms was used by Eli Lilly to prepare human insulin?
Eli Lilly used Escherichia coli (a bacterium) to produce chains A and B of human insulin.
In 1983, Eli Lilly synthesized DNA sequences corresponding to chains A and B of human insulin and introduced them into plasmids of the bacterium Escherichia coli to produce Humulin. -
Silencing of specific mRNA is possible via RNAi because of -
RNAi uses complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to silence target mRNA.
RNA interference (RNAi) involves the introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) matching the target sequence, which is processed by Dicer into siRNAs and incorporated into RISC to cleave complementary mRNA, silencing translation. -
Why can't insulin be given orally to diabetic patients?
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone that gets proteolytically degraded by gastrointestinal enzymes if ingested orally.
Insulin is a 51-amino-acid peptide hormone. When administered orally, gastric pepsin and pancreatic endopeptidases (trypsin, chymotrypsin) digest it into inactive amino acids before systemic absorption. -
Given below are two statements: Statement I: Bt toxins are insect group specific and coded by a gene $cry$ IAc. Statement II: Bt toxin exists as inactive protoxin in $B.\ thuringiensis$. However, after ingestion by the insect the inactive protoxin gets converted into active form due to acidic pH of the insect gut. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
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Match List I with List II regarding biotechnology applications in agriculture and medicine.
Column I
- A. $\alpha_1$-antitrypsin
- B. $Cry$ IAb
- C. $Cry$ IAc
- D. Enzyme replacement therapy
Column II
- I. Cotton bollworm
- II. ADA deficiency
- III. Emphysema
- IV. Corn borer
Correct answer: A → II, B → IV, C → I, D → III
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Given below are two statements: Statement I: The Indian Government has set up GEAC, which will make decisions regarding the validity of GM research. Statement II: Biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by native people. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:The Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) is set up by the Indian Government to make decisions regarding the validity of GM research and safety of GM organisms for public use, so Statement I is true. Biopiracy refers to the unauthorised use of bio-resources (and traditional knowledge) by other nations/organisations without compensating the native people/country, not the use of bio-resources by native people themselves, so Statement II is false.
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Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Column I
- A. Genetically engineered Human Insulin
- B. GM Cotton
- C. ADA Deficiency
- D. ELISA
Column II
- I. Gene therapy
- II. E. coli
- III. Antigen-antibody interaction
- IV. Bacillus thuringiensis
Correct answer: A → II, B → IV, C → I, D → III
Genetically engineered Human Insulin is produced using E. coli (A-II); GM Cotton (Bt cotton) uses toxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (B-IV); ADA Deficiency is treated using Gene therapy (C-I); ELISA is based on Antigen-antibody interaction (D-III). -
The Bt toxin in genetically engineered Bt cotton kills the pest by:The activated Bt toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells in the insect, creating pores that cause cell swelling and lysis, ultimately killing the insect.
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Following are the steps involved in action of toxin in Bt. Cotton. A. The inactive toxin converted into active form due to alkaline pH of gut of insect. B. Bacillus thuringiensis produce crystals with toxic insecticidal proteins. C. The alkaline pH solubilises the crystals. D. The activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut cells, creates pores and causes death of the insect. E. The toxin proteins exist as inactive protoxins in bacteria. Choose the correct sequence of steps from the options given below:Correct sequence: Bacillus thuringiensis produces crystals with toxic insecticidal proteins (B) → these toxin proteins exist as inactive protoxins in the bacteria (E) → the alkaline pH of the insect gut solubilises the crystals (C) → the inactive toxin is converted into active form due to the alkaline pH (A) → the activated toxin binds to midgut cells, creates pores, and kills the insect (D). So the order is B → E → C → A → D.
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Which one of the following techniques does not serve the purpose of early diagnosis of a disease for its early treatment?
PCR, ELISA and rDNA technology detect infection early; serum and urine analysis does not.
Of these, serum and urine analysis does not fulfil the purpose of early diagnosis of a disease. In early stages of infections, when the disease symptoms are not visible, amplification of pathogenic nucleic acid can be done by PCR, detection of antibodies produced by host against pathogen by ELISA and rDNA technology can serve the purpose of early diagnosis. -
Match List-I with List-II.
Column I
- A. Gene therapy
- B. RNA interference
- C. ELISA
- D. Gel Electrophoresis
Column II
- I. Separation of DNA fragments
- II. Diagnostic test for AIDS
- III. Cellular defence
- IV. Allows correction of a gene defect
Correct answer: A → IV, B → III, C → II, D → I
Gene therapy allows correction of a gene defect (A-IV); RNA interference provides cellular defence (B-III); ELISA is a diagnostic test for AIDS (C-II); Gel Electrophoresis is used for separation of DNA fragments (D-I). -
Transposons can be used during which one of the following?
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In gene therapy of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) deficiency, the patient requires periodic infusion genetically engineered lymphocytes because:
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Statements related to human Insulin are given below. Which statement(s) is/are correct about genetically engineered Insulin? A. Pro-hormone insulin contain extra stretch of C-peptide B. A-peptide and B-peptide chains of insulin were produced separately in E.coli, extracted and combined by creating disulphide bond between them. C. Insulin used for treating Diabetes was extracted from Cattles and Pigs. D. Pro-hormone Insulin needs to be processed for converting into a mature and functional hormone. E. Some patients develop allergic reactions to the foreign insulin. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
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Match List - I with List - II. Choose the correct answer.
Column I
- A. Gene gun
- B. Gene therapy
- C. Gene cloning
- D. Genome
Column II
- I. Replacement of a faulty gene by a normal healthy gene
- II. Used for transfer of Gene
- III. Total DNA in the cells of an organism
- IV. To obtain identical copies of a particular DNA molecule
Correct answer: A → II, B → I, C → IV, D → III
Gene gun is used to transfer DNA into plant cells; gene therapy is the replacement of a defective gene by a functional gene; gene cloning is used to obtain identical copies of a desired gene; the genome is the total DNA content in the cells of an organism. -
Milk of transgenic 'Cow Rosie' was nutritionally more balanced product for human babies than natural cow milk because it contained:The transgenic cow Rosie produced milk containing human alpha-lactalbumin, making it nutritionally more balanced for human babies.
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When gene targetting involving gene amplification is attempted in an individual's tissue to treat disease, it is known as:
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Now a days it is possible to detect the mutated gene causing cancer by allowing radioactive probe to hybridise its complimentary DNA in a clone of cells, followed by its detection using autoradiography because:
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With regard to insulin choose correct options. A. C-peptide is not present in mature insulin. B. The insulin produced by rDNA technology has C-peptide. C. The pro-insulin has C-peptide. D. A-peptide and B-peptide of insulin are interconnected by disulphide bridges. Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
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For effective treatment of the disease, early diagnosis and understanding its pathophysiology is very important. Which of the following molecular diagnostic techniques is very useful for early detection?