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Biology
Plant Kingdom
105 questions, each with its answer.
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In which one of the following, the ovules are NOT enclosed by an ovary wall and remain exposed?
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Given below are two statements: Statement I: In gymnosperms, the male and female gametophytes remain within the sporangia. Statement II: In gymnosperms, seeds are not covered. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:Reference: NCERT Class XI, page 33.
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Sphenopsida class belongs to _____________.Reference: NCERT Class XI, page 32.
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Given below are the stages in the life cycle of pteridophytes. Arrange the following stages in the correct sequence.
A. Prothallus stage
B. Meiosis in spore mother cells
C. Fertilisation
D. Formation of archegonia and antheridia in gametophyte.
E. Transfer of antherozoids to the archegonia in presence of water.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:Sequence: Meiosis in SMC (B) -> Prothallus (A) -> Sex organs form (D) -> Flagellated transfer (E) -> Fertilization (C).
In pteridophytes: Spore mother cells in sporangia undergo meiosis (B) to form haploid spores. Spores germinate into a prothallus gametophyte (A). The gametophyte develops antheridia and archegonia (D). Flagellated antherozoids swim through water to archegonia (E), leading to fertilization (C). -
The correct sequence of events in the life cycle of bryophytes is:
A. Fusion of antherozoid with egg.
B. Attachment of gametophyte to substratum.
C. Reduction division to produce haploid spores.
D. Formation of sporophyte.
E. Release of antherozoids into water.
Choose the correct answer from the option given below:Sequence is B -> E -> A -> D -> C.
In bryophytes, the gametophyte attaches to substratum via rhizoids (B); flagellated antherozoids are released into water (E); antherozoids fuse with egg in archegonium (A); zygote produces multicellular sporophyte (D); spore mother cells in sporophyte capsule undergo reduction division to produce spores (C). -
Which one of the following is the characteristic feature of gymnosperms?
Gymnosperms possess naked ovules/seeds not enclosed by an ovary wall or fruit.
Gymnosperms (gymnos = naked, sperma = seed) are seed-bearing tracheophytes whose ovules are exposed freely on megasporophylls before and after fertilization, without an enclosing ovary or fruit. -
Match List-I with List-II.
Pick the matching item from Column II for each row.
Column I
- A. Pteridophyte
- B. Bryophyte
- C. Angiosperm
- D. Gymnosperm
Column II
- I. Salvia
- II. Ginkgo
- III. Polytrichum
- IV. Salvinia
Correct answer: A → IV, B → III, C → I, D → II
A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II.
Salvinia is an aquatic fern/pteridophyte (IV). Polytrichum is a moss/bryophyte (III). Salvia is an angiosperm (I). Ginkgo biloba is a living gymnosperm (II). -
In bryophytes, the gemmae help in which one of the following?
Gemmae are multicellular asexual reproductive propagules in liverworts (e.g. Marchantia).
Asexual reproduction in liverworts takes place by fragmentation or through specialized asexual buds called gemmae produced in gemma cups on the dorsal thallus surface. -
Which one of the following is not found in Gymnosperms?Gymnosperms lack vessels in their xylem (xylem consists mainly of tracheids); their phloem lacks companion cells, having albuminous cells instead of them, along with sieve cells.
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Identify the incorrect pair:Adiantum belongs to class Pteropsida, not Sphenopsida (whose example is Equisetum), so the pair Sphenopsida–Adiantum is incorrect.
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Which of the following is the correct match?Cedrus, Pinus and Sequoia are all gymnosperms, making option (a) the correct match. (Sequoia is a gymnosperm, not angiosperm; Polysiphonia is an alga, not a bryophyte; Ginkgo is a gymnosperm, not a pteridophyte.)
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Assertion: The first stage of gametophyte in the life cycle of moss is protonema stage.Reason: Protonema develops directly from spores produced in capsule.
Spores from the capsule germinate into the protonema, the first gametophytic stage.
Mosses spores released from the capsule germinate to form the filamentous structure called protonema. It is the first stage of gametophyte. -
Identify the pair of heterosporous pteridophytes among the following:
Selaginella and Salvinia produce two kinds of spores (macro- and microspores).
Genera like Selaginella and Salvinia which produce two kinds of spores, macro (large) and micro (small) spores, are known as heterosporous. -
In gymnosperms the pollen grains are released from the microsporangium and carried by air currents.Reason: Air currents carry the pollen grains to the mouth of the archegonia where the male gametes are discharged and pollen tube is not formed.
In gymnosperms a pollen tube does form and carries the male gametes towards the archegonia.
In gymnosperms, the pollen grain is released from the microsporangium. They are carried in air currents and come in contact with the opening of the ovules borne on megasporophylls. The pollen tube carrying the male gametes grows towards archegonia in the ovules and discharge their contents near the mouth of the archegonia. -
Match List-I List-II.
Pick the matching item from Column II for each row.
Column I
- A. Pteropsida
- B. Lycopsida
- C. Psilopsida
- D. Sphenopsida
Column II
- I. Psilotum
- II. Equisetum
- III. Adiantum
- IV. Selaginella
Correct answer: A → III, B → IV, C → I, D → II
Pteropsida is exemplified by Adiantum (A-III); Lycopsida is exemplified by Selaginella (B-IV); Psilopsida is exemplified by Psilotum (C-I); Sphenopsida is exemplified by Equisetum (D-II). -
Which classes of algae possess pigment fucoxanthin and pigment phycoerythrin, respectively?Phaeophyceae (brown algae) possess the pigment fucoxanthin (giving their brown colour). Rhodophyceae (red algae) possess the pigment phycoerythrin (giving their red colour).
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Which of the following statements is true?All pteridophytes exhibit a haplo-diplontic life cycle pattern, with both a dominant diploid sporophyte and a free-living haploid gametophyte generation.
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Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
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Hydrocolloid carrageen is obtained from:
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Match the plant with the kind of life cycle it exhibits:
Pick the matching item from Column II for each row.
Column I
- A. Spirogyra
- B. Fern
- C. Funaria
- D. Cycas
Column II
- I. Dominant diploid sporophyte vascular plant, with highly reduced male or female gametophyte
- II. Dominant haploid free-living gametophyte
- III. Dominant diploid sporophyte alternating with reduced gametophyte called prothallus
- IV. Dominant haploid leafy gametophyte alternating with partially dependent multicellular sporophyte
Correct answer: A → II, B → III, C → IV, D → I
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Match List - I with List - II. Choose the correct answer.
Pick the matching item from Column II for each row.
Column I
- A. Chlamydomonas
- B. Cycas
- C. Selaginella
- D. Sphagnum
Column II
- I. Moss
- II. Pteridophyte
- III. Alga
- IV. Gymnosperm
Correct answer: A → III, B → IV, C → II, D → I
Chlamydomonas is a unicellular alga; Cycas is a gymnosperm; Selaginella is a pteridophyte; Sphagnum is a moss. -
Read the following statements and identify the characters related to the alga shown in the diagram
(a) It is a member of Chlorophyceae
(b) Food is stored in the form of starch
(c) It is a monoecious plant showing oogonium and antheridium
(d) Food is stored in the form of laminarin or mannitol
(e) It shows dominance of pigments Chlorophyll a, c and Fucoxanthin
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:The alga is Chara, a member of Chlorophyceae (green algae). Food is stored as starch in pyrenoids, and Chara is monoecious with male and female sex organs on the same plant. Laminarin/mannitol storage and chlorophyll a, c with fucoxanthin are characters of brown algae. -
Which of the following algae produce Carrageen?
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Genera like Selaginella and Salvinia produce two kinds of spores. Such plants are known as:
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Which of the following algae contains mannitol as reserve food material?
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