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Toxic agents present in food which interfere with thyroxine synthesis lead to the development of
A
Thyrotoxicosis
B
Toxic goitre
C
Cretinism
D
Simple goitre
Detailed Solution
Certain substances in food (goitrogens, e.g., in cabbage and related vegetables) interfere with the uptake of iodine and the synthesis of thyroxine.
The fall in thyroxine removes the negative feedback on the pituitary, so more TSH is secreted; TSH makes the thyroid gland enlarge. This enlargement due to under-production of thyroxine is simple goitre.
Thyrotoxicosis and toxic (exophthalmic) goitre are conditions of over-secretion of thyroid hormones, i.e., hyperthyroidism.
Cretinism results from deficiency of thyroid hormones during pregnancy and infancy and causes stunted growth and mental retardation in the child.
Hence such toxic agents lead to simple goitre.
The fall in thyroxine removes the negative feedback on the pituitary, so more TSH is secreted; TSH makes the thyroid gland enlarge. This enlargement due to under-production of thyroxine is simple goitre.
Thyrotoxicosis and toxic (exophthalmic) goitre are conditions of over-secretion of thyroid hormones, i.e., hyperthyroidism.
Cretinism results from deficiency of thyroid hormones during pregnancy and infancy and causes stunted growth and mental retardation in the child.
Hence such toxic agents lead to simple goitre.