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Thyroid gland
Appears in
Concepts tested here
- Cretinism
- Goitre
All Questions
2013 NEET 1 question
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A pregnant female delivers a baby who suffers from stunted growth, mental retardation, low intelligence quotient and abnormal skin. This is the result of:Iodine deficiency in the diet of a pregnant woman causes hypothyroidism, which leads to defective development of the baby: stunted growth (cretinism), mental retardation, low IQ and abnormal skin.
2010 AIPMT-PRE 1 question
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Toxic agents present in food which interfere with thyroxine synthesis lead to the development ofCertain substances in food (goitrogens, e.g., in cabbage and related vegetables) interfere with the uptake of iodine and the synthesis of thyroxine.
The fall in thyroxine removes the negative feedback on the pituitary, so more TSH is secreted; TSH makes the thyroid gland enlarge. This enlargement due to under-production of thyroxine is simple goitre.
Thyrotoxicosis and toxic (exophthalmic) goitre are conditions of over-secretion of thyroid hormones, i.e., hyperthyroidism.
Cretinism results from deficiency of thyroid hormones during pregnancy and infancy and causes stunted growth and mental retardation in the child.
Hence such toxic agents lead to simple goitre.