Urine formation

Podocytes are the epithelial cells of the inner wall of Bowman's capsule; they are arranged in an intricate manner so as to leave minute spaces called filtration slits or slit pores, through which the blood is filtered. This statement is correct.
The afferent arteriole carries blood into the glomerulus; blood leaves the glomerulus through the efferent arteriole.
Most of the reabsorption (nearly all essential nutrients and 70–80% of electrolytes and water) takes place in the proximal convoluted tubule; reabsorption in Henle's loop is minimum.
The distal convoluted tubule reabsorbs $Na^+$ and water and secretes $K^+$, $H^+$ and $NH_3$; it does not reabsorb $K^+$.
Hence the correct explanation is that of the podocytes.

The kidneys form about 180 litres of glomerular filtrate per day, but only about 1.5 litres of urine is released.
This shows that nearly 99 per cent of the filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules. This statement is correct.
The ascending limb of Henle's loop is impermeable to water but allows the transport of electrolytes (actively or passively).
The descending limb is permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes.
The distal convoluted tubule is capable of reabsorbing $HCO_3^-$ and of selectively secreting $H^+$, $K^+$ and $NH_3$ to maintain the pH and sodium–potassium balance of blood.
Hence the correct statement is that nearly 99 percent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed.