Morphology of Flowering Plants

In axile placentation the placenta is axial and the ovules are attached to it in a multilocular ovary, as in china rose, tomato and lemon.
Marigold (and sunflower) have basal placentation: a single ovule attached at the base of a unilocular ovary.
$Argemone$ (and mustard) have parietal placentation: ovules on the inner wall of the ovary.
$Dianthus$ (and primrose) have free central placentation: ovules on a central axis without septa.
Hence the example of axile placentation is lemon.

Castor seed is endospermic: it has a white, oily endosperm surrounding the embryo.
At the micropylar end of the castor seed there is a white spongy outgrowth of the integument called the caruncle, which absorbs water during germination.
A thin remnant of the nucellus persists in the castor seed as the perisperm.
Cotton, coffee and lily seeds do not have all three structures together.
Hence the example is castor.

A sucker is a lateral branch that arises from the basal, underground portion of the main stem, grows horizontally beneath the soil for some distance and then comes out obliquely upward to give rise to a leafy shoot.
Suckers are found in mint, banana, pineapple and $Chrysanthemum$.
Runners are found in grass and strawberry, offsets in $Pistia$ and $Eichhornia$, and rhizomes in ginger and turmeric.
Hence vegetative propagation in mint occurs by suckers.

The formula describes an actinomorphic ($\oplus$), bisexual flower with five united sepals $K_{(5)}$, five united petals $C_{(5)}$, five epipetalous stamens $A_5$ and a bicarpellary, syncarpous, superior ovary $\underline{G}_{(2)}$.
These are the characters of the family Solanaceae, to which tobacco, tomato, potato, brinjal, chilli and petunia belong.
Tulip belongs to Liliaceae: $\oplus$ ⚥ $P_{3+3}A_{3+3}\underline{G}_{(3)}$
Soybean and sunnhemp belong to Fabaceae: % ⚥ $K_{(5)}C_{1+2+(2)}A_{(9)+1}\underline{G}_1$
Hence the floral formula is that of tobacco.

Groundnut: the seed is non-endospermic and the food is stored in the two fleshy cotyledons, which are the edible part.
Pomegranate: the edible part is the juicy outer seed coat (testa) of each seed.
Litchi: the edible part is the fleshy aril, not the testa.
Tamarind: the edible part is the mesocarp; coconut: the edible part is the endosperm.
Hence cotyledons and testa are the edible parts of groundnut and pomegranate respectively.

Hypanthodium is the inflorescence of fig ($Ficus$): the receptacle forms a hollow, flask-shaped cavity with an apical opening, and the flowers are borne on its inner wall.
The whole inflorescence develops into a composite (multiple) fruit in which the fleshy receptacle encloses many small achenes; this fruit is called a syconus.
Sorosis is the composite fruit that develops from a spike, spadix or catkin (mulberry, pineapple, jackfruit).
Caryopsis is the one-seeded fruit of grasses, and hesperidium is the fruit of citrus.
Hence the fruit developed from a hypanthodium is a syconus.