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Spore dissemination in some liverworts is aided by
A
indusium
B
calyptra
C
peristome teeth
D
elaters
Detailed Solution
In liverworts such as Marchantia, the capsule of the sporophyte contains spores and special sterile cells called elaters.
An elater is an elongated cell with spiral thickenings on its wall, derived from the sporogenous tissue.
Elaters are hygroscopic: they coil and uncoil with changes in humidity, and these twisting movements loosen the spore mass and help in the dispersal of the spores.
Peristome teeth help in spore dispersal in mosses, not in liverworts.
The calyptra is the protective covering of the developing sporophyte, derived from the archegonium.
The indusium is the covering of the sorus in ferns.
So spore dissemination in some liverworts is aided by elaters.
An elater is an elongated cell with spiral thickenings on its wall, derived from the sporogenous tissue.
Elaters are hygroscopic: they coil and uncoil with changes in humidity, and these twisting movements loosen the spore mass and help in the dispersal of the spores.
Peristome teeth help in spore dispersal in mosses, not in liverworts.
The calyptra is the protective covering of the developing sporophyte, derived from the archegonium.
The indusium is the covering of the sorus in ferns.
So spore dissemination in some liverworts is aided by elaters.
