Vegetative propagation

An offset is a vegetative part of a plant, formed by mitosis. Meiotic divisions do not occur in somatic cells. Parthenogenesis is the formation of an embryo from an ovum or egg without fertilisation. Parthenocarpy is fruit formation without fertilisation (generally seedless).

Ginger propagates through its rhizome, an underground horizontal branching stem.
Offsets are short stout runners ending in a bud, bulbils are modified buds, and runners are lateral branches growing along the ground.

Onion propagates by bulbs.
Yeast reproduces by budding, ginger by rhizome and Chlamydomonas by zoospores; conidia are formed by Penicillium.

Water hyacinth ($Eichhornia$) propagates vegetatively by offsets, not runners. An offset is a short, thick lateral branch with a tuft of leaves, found in aquatic plants like $Pistia$ and $Eichhornia$.
$Bryophyllum$ propagates by adventitious buds arising from the notches at the margins of its leaves (leaf buds) – correct.
$Agave$ propagates by bulbils, fleshy buds that fall off and grow into new plants – correct.
$Penicillium$ reproduces asexually by conidia – correct.
Hence the wrongly matched pair is water hyacinth – runner.