Plant breeding

The entire collection of plants or seeds having all the diverse alleles for all genes in a given crop is called germplasm collection.

The green revolution refers to the dramatic increase in food-grain production through plant breeding.
In 1963, semi-dwarf, high-yielding wheat varieties such as Sonalika and Kalyan Sona were introduced in India.
In 1966, semi-dwarf rice varieties derived from IR-8 and Taichung Native-1 were introduced, and later Jaya and Ratna were developed in India.
These introductions of the mid-1960s, with better irrigation and fertilisers, produced the green revolution.
Hence the green revolution in India occurred during the 1960's.

The first step of any plant breeding programme is the collection of variability.
The entire collection of plants or seeds having all the diverse alleles for all genes in a given crop is called the germplasm collection.
A genome is the total genetic material in one haploid set of chromosomes of an organism.
A herbarium is a store of dried, pressed and preserved plant specimens on sheets.
A gene library is a collection of cloned DNA fragments of an organism kept in vectors.
Hence the collection is called germplasm.

Semi-dwarf rice varieties were derived from IR-8 (developed at the International Rice Research Institute, Philippines) and Taichung Native-1 (from Taiwan), and were introduced in India in 1966.
Later, better-yielding semi-dwarf rice varieties Jaya and Ratna were developed in India.
The corresponding high-yielding, disease-resistant wheat varieties of the green revolution were Sonalika and Kalyan Sona.
Hence Jaya and Ratna are varieties of rice.