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Evidences and theories of evolution
Concepts tested here
- Convergent evolution and Darwinism
All Questions
2010 AIPMT-MAINS 1 question
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Given below are four statements (A–D) each with one or two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the blanks in two statements.
Statements:
(A) Wings of butterfly and birds look alike and are the results of ___(i)___ evolution.
(B) Miller showed that $CH_4$, $H_2$, $NH_3$ and ___(i)___, when exposed to electric discharge in a flask resulted in formation of ___(ii)___.
(C) Vermiform appendix is a ___(i)___ organ and an ___(ii)___ evidence of evolution.
(D) According to Darwin evolution took place due to ___(i)___ and ___(ii)___ of the fittest.(A): wings of butterflies and birds are analogous organs; they are not anatomically similar but perform the same function. Analogous structures are the result of convergent evolution.
(B): Miller passed an electric discharge through $CH_4$, $H_2$, $NH_3$ and water vapour at 800 °C and observed the formation of amino acids. Oxygen was not used (the early atmosphere was reducing) and nucleosides were not the product.
(C): the vermiform appendix is a vestigial organ and an anatomical (morphological) evidence of evolution; 'rudimentary' is not the accepted term.
(D): according to Darwin, evolution took place by small, heritable variations and the survival of the fittest (natural selection). Mutations were proposed by de Vries.
Checking the options, the only one in which both statements are filled correctly is (D) – small variations, survival, together with (A) – convergent.