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Principles of biotechnology
Concepts tested here
- Genetic engineering
All Questions
2011 AIPMT-MAINS 1 question
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Which one of the following techniques made it possible to genetically engineer living organisms?Genetic engineering means altering the chemistry of the genetic material (DNA or RNA), introducing it into a host organism and thus changing the phenotype of the host.
This became possible with recombinant DNA techniques: cutting DNA with restriction enzymes, joining it to a vector with DNA ligase and transferring it into a host, first done by Cohen and Boyer in 1972.
Heavy isotope labelling was used to prove semi-conservative replication (Meselson and Stahl).
Hybridisation is a conventional breeding method that often transfers undesirable genes along with the desired ones.
X-ray diffraction was used to work out the structure of DNA.
Hence recombinant DNA techniques made genetic engineering possible.